Hanoi, Feb. 11 -- By 11 months old, Truong Thien Di weighed just 5.3 kilograms. Born with biliary atresia, she spent much of her early life in hospital. As her condition deteriorated, the question was no longer whether a transplant was needed, but whether her fragile body could survive one.

Extreme Fragility in Infant Liver Transplantation In modern medicine, liver transplantation in infants is no longer rare. The greatest challenge emerges when extreme physiological fragility compounds at a young age.

Soon after birth, Di was diagnosed with biliary atresia. A Kasai portoenterostomy at three months failed to stop disease progression, as fibrosis, persistent jaundice, and severe malnutrition continued to weaken her fragile body.

By Octo...