New Delhi, March 3 -- Urban development projects often spark debates, especially when they appear to conflict with existing solutions or deviate from established planning principles. In Bengaluru, two high-profile proposals - the tunnel road and the double decker road beneath the metro line - have become the focus of intense scrutiny.

When examined through the lens of Braesse's Paradox and informed by lessons from other cities and past projects, these initiatives highlight the contradictions that can arise when cities, in their effort to resolve infrastructure issues, inadvertently worsen the very problems they set out to address.

What is Braesse's paradox? Named after German engineer Karl Braesse, It refers to a counterintuitive phenom...