India, Jan. 28 -- Much before they were turned into instruments of control, Tibet's mountains were once places of refuge and faith. The year 2026 marks the 150th birth anniversary of the 13th Dalai Lama, Thubten Gyatso. His legacy goes on to display that Tibet's spiritual and political traditions long predate the Chinese rule.

His 1913 declaration of independence remains a defining moment in Tibetan history. It reinforces a deeply held sense of identity and autonomy.

Since 1949, Beijing's grip over Tibet has gone far beyond administration. It has sought to reshape the very beliefs, culture and landscape of the plateau.

Turning Monasteries into Museums

China's approach to Tibetan monasteries has changed over time. The era of outright d...