Dhaka, Jan. 7 -- Across Bangladesh's countryside, a remarkable health-policy transformation has unfolded over the past two decades. Tens of thousands of low-level health posts-community clinics and union-level health and family welfare centres-now bring medical care within reach of rural populations. The ambition is noble: to make healthcare a right at the doorstep of every village. Yet behind the success of expanded access lie persistent deficiencies in staffing, medicine supply, and service quality. The question is no longer whether these clinics exist, but whether they effectively and consistently deliver the care rural Bangladeshis need.

Structure of Rural Health Care: Bangladesh's rural health system rests on two foundational tiers....