India, March 11 -- Do fines work for car majors, who violate emission norms from country to country by implanting cheat devices to escape test thresholds? Do they work for our cities that are already reeling under vehicular pollution ? So though the National Green Tribunal (NGT) has directed Volkswagen India to deposit a sum of Rs 500 crore as part of a case against the carmaker for violating emission norms, fact is this amount has been raised from the earlier compensation of Rs 171.34 crore as a means of "creating deterrence." Clearly, there has been no corrective by the carmaker in the interim since 2015, when the Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI) found discrepancies between the laboratory and on-road emission testing of V...