New Delhi, Sept. 18 -- India is reshaping its growth story, moving from simply chasing speed to ensuring sustainability. The next wave of growth will therefore be driven not by smokestacks, but by green factories, zero-emission transport, renewable power and digital transformation. By 2047, India aims to become a developed economy, and by 2070, a net-zero one.

Crossing these milestones would require the country to act on two fronts simultaneously. Investing in clean energy and industries will drive growth, jobs, better air quality and lower emissions; investing in resilience through climate-smart farming, cooler cities and flood defences will protect people and assets. Financing this dual transition will cost trillions of rupees, but the...