New Delhi, July 24 -- Much of the commentary on artificial intelligence (AI) comes from well-meaning voices, including those who see themselves as constructive partners in policy formulation. They speak earnestly, frame their concerns carefully and sometimes sound persuasive.

Yet, too often, they stop short of confronting the hard questions. It is easier to talk about a single high-profile lapse than to ask why such failures recur and what that reveals about the design of this technology and challenge of governing it.

Take the case of xAI's Grok chatbot, which recently hit the news for generating deeply offensive and antisemitic output. As expected, the firm issued an apology and pledged reforms. Such gestures have become a ritual acros...