New Delhi, Sept. 3 -- Indian exporters now face an additional 50% duty on exports to the US on top of earlier tariffs. Half of this is a penalty imposed by Washington for India's oil trade with Russia. Under Section 232 of the US Trade Expansion Act of 1962, tariffs can be raised on national security grounds, though strategic exemptions apply to some products. Indian exports of textiles, leather goods, gems and jewellery and other items now stare at tariffs of around 60%.

As some of these sectors have as much as half their output exposed to the US, many businesses will not survive. True, these exports enjoyed a temporary boom as US buyers made pre-emptive purchases ahead of the tariff deadline, but that respite is short-lived. Already, a...