New Delhi, Nov. 7 -- The global steel industry is undergoing a quiet but defining shift.

As decarbonization gains urgency, Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) technology is emerging as the preferred route for sustainable steelmaking. About 11 million tonnes (MT) of new EAF capacity is already operational, with another 54 MT expected between 2025 and 2027.

Unlike traditional blast furnaces, EAFs produce steel with a much lower carbon footprint, making them central to the sector's green transition. This shift is driving fresh demand for graphite electrodes (GE) and refractory materials, both critical to EAF operations.

Meanwhile, the supply side is tightening. Four GE plants have shut down and another four have cut capacity across Western markets...