India, July 12 -- Roll the dice, and the outcome could be anything between one and six. Such randomness fills our world.

Step into the binary reality of computers, though, and randomness becomes a rare resource, much sought after and largely unobtainable.

In the structured world of software programs, even computers tasked with generating a random result end up following a pattern of some kind. The closest they can come to true randomness is something called pseudo-randomness, where the patterns aren't easily visible and must be mined for.

Why does this matter?

Well, we don't see it any longer, but there are a myriad ways in which software programs try to safeguard or hide the information they hold. Sometimes they do this via a PIN or ...