India, May 7 -- India has ramped up security and threat monitoring for Indian refineries and petroleum production facilities near the western border, people familiar with the matter said, citing preparations that include camouflaging exercises and activation of air defences.

The heightened security covers installations that account for more than 38% of India's total 257 million tonnes of annual refining capacity, located in the border states of Gujarat, Punjab, and Rajasthan.

"All security protocols are active, and both security agencies and refinery managements are prepared to thwart any attempt by hostile entities," said a senior official who asked not to be named.

Key petroleum installations under enhanced protection include Relianc...