India, Dec. 27 -- With the pressing need for climate action, it has become imperative to mobilise financial resources on a large scale, both for mitigation and adaptation. Several studies have estimated the capital investment needs, especially for mitigation measures, globally as well as for emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs). However, these estimates vary significantly due to differences in their underlying methodologies, objectives, time periods and baselines considered, and the scope of activities covered. More importantly, all these studies adopt top-down approaches and lack sectoral details.

Unlike other studies, this study follows a bottom-up approach to assess climate finance requirements purely on account of transit...