Pakistan, Oct. 19 -- First, a bit of historical context! At partition, our civilian institutions couldn't develop as strongly as India's because they inherited the entire institutional infrastructure of pre partition India, whilst we inherited broken remnants. We had to build everything afresh, except the military! A fundamental differentiating factor.

Our political leadership, came predominantly from the Western part, agrarian, feudal, tribal, jagirdari. Most pre partition public service administrators were Hindu (70%). The number was higher in East Pakistan.

Muslims civil servants, predominantly Urdu speakers, came from UP and CP Provinces in India and not from regions comprising then West Pakistan. Very few from these regions joined ...