ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 23 -- United States Patent no. 12,420,332, issued on Sept. 23, was assigned to UWM Research Foundation Inc. (Milwaukee).

"Materials, methods and techniques for surface alloying sand casted articles" was invented by Pradeep Rohatgi (Milwaukee), Michael Beining (Brookfield, Wis.), Kaustubh Kishore Rane (Milwaukee), Swaroop K. Behera (Milwaukee) and Amir Kordijazi (Albany, N.Y.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Exemplary articles may comprise a surface alloyed layer, a base metal comprising a steel, and a transitional layer between the surfaced alloyed layer and the base metal. The surface alloyed layer may comprise nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo),...