ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 21 -- United States Patent no. 12,440,924, issued on Oct. 14, was assigned to University of Iowa Research Foundation (Iowa City, Iowa).

"Laser-based high-throughput surface nano-structuring (NHSN) process" was invented by Hongtao Ding (Coralville, Iowa), Qinghua Wang (Iowa City, Iowa), Avik Samanta (Iowa City, Iowa) and Ninggang Shen (Iowa City, Iowa).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Embodiments of the present invention are directed to a surface modified metal piece comprising a first major surface, wherein at least one portion of the first major surface: comprises the reaction product of a surface modifier; has a random micro- and nanoscale structure; and has at least one ...