ALEXANDRIA, Va., Aug. 6 -- United States Patent no. 12,378,646, issued on Aug. 5, was assigned to TUPY S.A. (Joinville, Brazil).

"Vermicular cast iron alloy, combustion engine block and head" was invented by Carlos de Souza Cabezas (Joinville, Brazil), Eitan Melleras (Joinville, Brazil) and Marina Furbino Martins (Joinville, Brazil).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The present invention refers to a vermicular cast iron alloy specially designed for blocks and heads of internal combustion engines that have special requirements for mechanical strength and machinability; said vermicular alloy has a microstructure that results in high values of mechanical properties, such as a minimum strength limit ...