ALEXANDRIA, Va., Feb. 5 -- United States Patent no. 12,213,859, issued on Feb. 4, was assigned to Spartan Orthodontics Inc. (Toronto).

"Clear plastic aligner with configurable protrusions for anterior or open bite treatment and mattress plastic material for invisible aligners" was invented by John Voudouris (Toronto) and John Dean Voudouris (Toronto).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Protrusions or holes with jagged edges formed on the lingual side of invisible aligner trays are provided. The protrusions or holes include two components and serve to irritate the tongue causing it to retract away from the incisors thus eliminating intruding force otherwise exerted by the tongue. A clear corrugated ...