ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 10 -- United States Patent no. 12,414,401, issued on Sept. 9, was assigned to SHIN-ETSU CHEMICAL Co. LTD. (Tokyo).

"Method for manufacturing substrate for solar cell and substrate for solar cell" was invented by Hiroyuki Otsuka (Karuizawa-machi, Japan) and Shozo Shirai (Takasaki, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A solar cell includes a light-receiving surface electrode formed on a light-receiving surface, a back surface electrode formed on a backside, and a CZ silicon single crystal substrate doped with gallium. The CZ silicon single crystal substrate contains 12 ppm or more oxygen atoms. A spiral oxygen-induced defect is not observed in an EL (electroluminescence) ...