ALEXANDRIA, Va., March 19 -- United States Patent no. 12,253,809, issued on March 18, was assigned to Sharp K.K. (Osaka, Japan).

"Image-forming apparatus apparatus including a charging roller to charge a surface of an image carrier" was invented by Kazuki Kawajiri (Sakai, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An image-forming apparatus includes a photosensitive drum on which a toner image is formed and a charging roller that is brought into contact with a surface of the photosensitive drum to charge the surface of the photosensitive drum. The photosensitive drum is rotatable in both a forward rotation direction and a reverse rotation direction which are rotation directions in image formation, ...