ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 28 -- United States Patent no. 12,454,758, issued on Oct. 28, was assigned to Seoul National University R&DB foundation (Seoul, South Korea).

"Method of forming metal oxide layer and method of manufacturing perovskite solar cell using the same" was invented by Sunghoon Han (Busan, South Korea) and Changsoon Kim (Seoul, South Korea).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Provided is a method of forming a metal oxide layer may include forming a parent metal oxide layer on the substrate structure; changing the parent metal oxide layer into a cation-exchanged metal oxide layer through a cation exchange reaction between cations in the parent metal oxide layer and cations in the reacti...