ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 3 -- United States Patent no. 12,344,756, issued on July 1, was assigned to Ricoh Co. Ltd. (Tokyo).

"Liquid composition, method of applying liquid, device for applying liquid, pre-processing fluid, and set of pre-processing fluid and ink" was invented by Shun Saito (Kanagawa, Japan), Kento Sugita (Tokyo), Koichiro Oyama (Kanagawa, Japan), Mizuki Kuroha (Kanagawa, Japan), Satoshi Takahashi (Kanagawa, Japan), Yuuki Yokohama (Kanagawa, Japan) and Takashi Watanabe (Tokyo).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A liquid composition contains a macrocyclic compound enclosing a metal ion, water, and an organic solvent, wherein a recording medium where the liquid composition has been appl...