ALEXANDRIA, Va., Dec. 31 -- United States Patent no. 12,508,808, issued on Dec. 30, was assigned to RICOH COMPANY LTD. (Tokyo).

"Liquid discharge head, liquid discharge device, and liquid discharge apparatus" was invented by Keiji Ueda (Kanagawa, Japan), Takahiko Kuroda (Hyogo, Japan), Toshiaki Masuda (Kanagawa, Japan) and Kaname Morita (Kanagawa, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A liquid discharge head includes a nozzle layer having a nozzle through which a liquid is discharged from a second side toward a first side, a liquid chamber substrate, and a drive circuit. The nozzle layer includes a vibration layer, a piezoelectric actuator adjacent to the nozzle and over the first side, a circ...