ALEXANDRIA, Va., April 9 -- United States Patent no. 12,273,244, issued on April 8, was assigned to Nokia Solutions and Networks Oy (Espoo, Finland).

"Closed loops" was invented by Peter Szilagyi (Budapest, Hungary) and Csaba Vulkan (Budapest, Hungary).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A method for provisioning a self-learning closed loop service is provided. The method includes receiving a representation of the self-learning closed loop service, the representation including a specification of one or more automation subservices, identifying, for each automation subservice of the representation, one or more utility measurement subservices that are compatible with the respective automation subservi...