ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 28 -- United States Patent no. 12,534,631, issued on Jan. 27, was assigned to NIPPON STEEL Corp. (Tokyo).

"Pre-coated metal sheet" was invented by Akiko Hirai (Tokyo), Kunihiko Toshin (Tokyo) and Yasuaki Kawamura (Tokyo).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "In order to achieve further improvement in flaw resistance, the present invention includes: a metal sheet; and a color film layer positioned on the metal sheet, wherein: on a surface, of the metal sheet, on a side on which at least the color film layer is positioned, a first region and a second region that are specified by a measuring method of an arithmetic mean surface roughness Sa are present; and the color film layer has...