ALEXANDRIA, Va., Sept. 23 -- United States Patent no. 12,419,391, issued on Sept. 23, was assigned to NIKE Inc. (Beaverton, Ore.).

"Ground-engaging structures for articles of footwear" was invented by Michael S. Amos (Beaverton, Ore.), Thomas G. Bell (Portland, Ore.), Lysandre Follet (Portland, Ore.), Thomas Foxen (Portland, Ore.), John Hurd (Lake Oswego, Ore.), Shane S. Kohatsu (Portland, Ore.), Troy C. Lindner (Portland, Ore.), Geng Luo (Portland, Ore.), Adam Thuss (Portland, Ore.) and Andrea Vinet (Portland, Ore.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Ground-engaging components for articles of footwear include an outer perimeter boundary rim that at least partially defines an outer perimeter of th...