ALEXANDRIA, Va., Feb. 3 -- United States Patent no. 12,539,690, issued on Feb. 3, was assigned to NGK INSULATORS Ltd. (Nagoya, Japan).

"Joined body" was invented by Tomoki Nagae (Nagoya, Japan), Takahiro Yamadera (Nagoya, Japan), Kota Ozeki (Kitanagoya, Japan) and Hirotomo Takahama (Handa, Japan).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A joined body includes: a first plate; a second plate of a same type as or a different type from a type of the first plate; an amorphous layer existing at a joint interface between the first plate and the second plate; a first plate alteration layer existing on a side of the first plate in contact with the amorphous layer; and a second plate alteration layer existing on ...