ALEXANDRIA, Va., June 17 -- United States Patent no. 12,311,360, issued on May 27, was assigned to International Business Machines Corp. (Armonk, N.Y.) and Technion Research & Development Foundation Ltd. (Haifa, Israel).

"Subtractive microfabrication and functionalization of substrates by hydrodynamic flow confinements" was invented by Govind Kaigala (Rueschlikon, Switzerland), Federico Paratore (Zurich), Moran Bercovici (Haifa, Israel), Daniel Widerker (Haifa, Israel) and Robert Dean Lovchik (Schoenenberg, Switzerland).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Patterning a substrate can be provided. A substrate is covered by an immersion liquid and a microfluidic probe head is positioned in proximity wi...