ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 25 -- United States Patent no. 12,480,181, issued on Nov. 25, was assigned to International Battery Metals Ltd. (Houston).

"Ion extraction column for brine" was invented by John L. Burba (Houston) and Josh Hebert (Houston).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Methods of the present disclosure may be referred to as direct material extraction. Brine may be moved into a media bed such that extractant materials in the media bed absorb ions of a target material without absorbing other materials included in the brine. Desired ion(s) may be transported into the extractant and be held there temporally based on ionic bonds that form between the desired ions and the extractant material. ...