ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 20 -- United States Patent no. 12,528,181, issued on Jan. 20, was assigned to Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Wuhan, China).

"Three-degree-of-freedom parallel electromagnetic variable stiffness actuator as an end effector for robotic grinding and polishing" was invented by Jixiang Yang (Wuhan, China), Xu Tang (Wuhan, China) and Han Ding (Wuhan, China).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A three-degree-of-freedom parallel electromagnetic variable stiffness actuator as an end effector for robotic grinding and polishing, comprising: non-stiffness electromagnetic drive branches, an electromagnetic spring drive branch, structural components, and peripheral sensor sys...