ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 21 -- United States Patent no. 12,441,337, issued on Oct. 14, was assigned to GM GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY OPERATIONS LLC (Detroit).

"End-to-end perception perturbation modeling system for a vehicle" was invented by Rodolfo Valiente Romero (Calabasas, Calif.), Hyukseong Kwon (Thousand Oaks, Calif.), Marcus James Huber (Saline, Mich.), Alireza Esna Ashari Esfahani (Novi, Mich.) and Michael Cui (Winnetka, Calif.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "An end-to-end perception perturbation modeling system for a vehicle includes one or more controllers storing a detection model in memory. The detection model includes a plurality of detection model plots that each indicate a probability value...