ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 16 -- United States Patent no. 12,362,403, issued on July 15, was assigned to GM Global Technology Operations LLC (Detroit).

"Electrode separator with piezoelectric layer for in-stack pressure sensing and dendrite cleaning" was invented by Jing Gao (Rochester, Mich.), Zhe Li (Rochester, Mich.), Xingcheng Xiao (Troy, Mich.), Brian J. Koch (Berkley, Mich.), Michael A Lelli (Rochester, Mich.) and Dave G. Rich (Sterling Heights, Mich.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Presented are electrochemical devices with in-stack pressure sensors, methods for making/using such devices, and battery cells with electrode stacks having an electrode separator assembly with a piezoelectric laye...