ALEXANDRIA, Va., Feb. 3 -- United States Patent no. 12,540,202, issued on Feb. 3, was assigned to Fujifilm Manufacturing Europe B.V. (Tilburg, Netherlands) and Fujifilm Corp. (Tokyo).

"Bipolar membrane" was invented by Adrianus Jacobus Van Rijen (Tilburg, Netherlands) and Elisa Huerta Martinez (Tilburg, Netherlands).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Bipolar membranes (BPMs) comprising a cation exchange layer (CEL) and an anion exchange layer (AEL) wherein the colour properties of the CEL are visibly different to the colour properties of the AEL. The CEL and the AEL are easily distinguishable so that a stack of membranes comprising the BPMs can be built fast and without mistakes in layer order." ...