ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 6 -- United States Patent no. 12,463,350, issued on Nov. 4, was assigned to European Space Agency (Paris).

"Two-dimensional and three-dimensional discrete constrained lenses with minimized optical aberrations" was invented by Giovanni Toso (Noordwijk, Netherlands) and Piero Angeletti (Noordwijk, Netherlands).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A beamforming network includes a three-dimensional discrete lens with front and back apertures, each comprising a plurality of discrete elements. Each discrete element of the back aperture is homologous to a respective discrete element of the front aperture. The discrete lens further comprises a plurality of transmission lines connecting...