ALEXANDRIA, Va., Oct. 21 -- United States Patent no. 12,443,499, issued on Oct. 14, was assigned to Caterpillar Inc. (Peoria, Ill.).

"Contactor integration and performance validation with hardware-in-the-loop test bench" was invented by Pavitra Shukl (Bengaluru, India), Avinash Dongare (Bangalore, India), Manik Jalhotra (Bangalore, India) and Murali Krishnan Raghupathy (Bangalore, India).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A test system includes a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test bench comprising a test controller configured to generate a test signal corresponding to a contactor command; a system controller configured to receive the test signal, generate a control signal based on the test signal, mo...