ALEXANDRIA, Va., Aug. 26 -- United States Patent no. 12,400,421, issued on Aug. 26, was assigned to California Institute of Technology (Pasadena, Calif.).

"Simultaneous orientation and scale estimator (SOSE)" was invented by Yang Cheng (Arcadia, Calif.) and Adnan I. Ansar (Granada Hills, Calif.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A method and hardware based system provide for descriptor-based feature mapping during terrain relative navigation (TRN). A first reference image/premade terrain map and a second image are acquired. Features in the first reference image and the second image are detected. A scale and an orientation of the one or more detected features are estimated based on an intensity ce...