ALEXANDRIA, Va., July 30 -- United States Patent no. 12,371,583, issued on July 29, was assigned to artience Co. Ltd. (Tokyo) and TOYOCOLOR Co. LTD. (Tokyo).

"Pretreatment liquid, ink set, and printed matter" was invented by Kazushi Sunaoshi (Tokyo), Takanori Nomura (Tokyo), Riho Morita (Tokyo) and Norio Suzuki (Tokyo).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Provided is a pretreatment liquid comprising resin particles (A), calcium ions, plural types of carboxylate ions including at least a hydroxycarboxylate ion, and water. The resin particles A include resin particles (A1) selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylic resin particles, urethane (urea) resin particles, and urethane-(meth)acrylic r...