Dhaka, Feb. 20 -- Researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz have successfully trained lab-grown brain organoids to solve a classic engineering challenge known as the inverted pendulum or cart-pole problem, marking the first rigorous academic demonstration of goal-directed learning in brain organoids.

The cart-pole problem is often compared to balancing a ruler vertically in the palm of one's hand, where constant attention and small adjustments are needed to keep it upright. In engineering, robotics and artificial intelligence, it is widely used as a benchmark to test whether a control system can learn, adapt and respond effectively to changing information. Every human infant, researchers note, must solve a similar problem w...