Nigeria, Feb. 4 -- The videos are commonly labelled as "walking tours" or "nightlife content" and are posted on platforms including YouTube, TikTok, Facebook, and Instagram. Although presented as public street footage, the videos focus almost entirely on women wearing dresses or skirts, with frequent rear or low-angle shots that reveal intimate body parts.

The BBC identified more than 65 online channels producing this content. Collectively, the videos have attracted more than 3 billion views over the past 3 years. Some individual channels have exceeded 200 million views.

The BBC traced and contacted nearly 50 women who appeared in the videos. Many said they were unaware they had been filmed until journalists informed them. Several desc...