Dhaka, July 12 -- An injection of nucleic acids (e.g., RNA or DNA) into the experimental animals (e.g., mice) lead to the expression of some proteins encoded by the injected nucleic acid, suggesting a gene encoding a protein of a pathogen is necessary to create a vaccine. Both DNA and RNA vaccines induce immune responses. Delivery through plasmid (a small, circular extrachromosomal DNA molecule) can be incorporated to develop vaccines against severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Beside this, much interest has been grown on messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccinology due to the mRNA stability, protein production capability and improved delivery facilities. In the latter case, modified nucleosides and nanocarrier-med...