Dhaka, Nov. 13 -- Urbanization has taken place at an unprecedented speed in recent decades. Urban growth has sped up, especially in cities like Dhaka, Chattogram, Rajshahi, and Khulna. Rural-to-urban migration was driven by both push and pull factors: natural disasters, a lack of rural jobs, and perceived job opportunities in cities. However, this expansion was mostly unplanned, resulting in urban sprawl characterized by informal settlements, poor infrastructure, and insufficient services.

Rapid urban growth has vastly outpaced the development of city infrastructure. Essential services such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, and transportation remain severely inadequate. According to the Dhaka Water Supply and Sewerage Author...