Srinagar, July 23 -- Sarah had told no one. And yet, as she scrolled through her Instagram one morning in Baramulla, her feed seemed to know the secret she hadn't shared: she was expecting a child.

Every few posts, there it was: ads for baby bottles, prenatal vitamins, sleep tips for new mothers. "It felt eerie," said Sarah, a 32-year-old schoolteacher. "I hadn't typed the word pregnant anywhere."

What gave her away wasn't a single search or status update. It was a series of small, seemingly harmless actions: a couple of late-night queries on morning sickness, a few seconds spent hovering over parenting forums, a click on a blog about first-trimester diets.

Those gestures, barely thoughts, were captured, stored, analyzed, and interpret...