Hanoi, Vietnam, Dec. 17 -- Under the program, the southern metropolis targets to set up 157 stations to monitor air quality.

After merging with Ba Ria-Vung Tau and Binh Duong provinces, the city faces high environmental pressure as its population rises to around 14 million, with nearly 12.7 million transport vehicles and industrialization rate increases rapidly.

An air quality report shows that air pollution has evolved complicatedly in the 2021-2025 period, with the rate of fine particulate matter like PM10, PM2.5, NO2 and noise levels frequently exceed standards in central urban areas, major traffic intersections, and areas with concentrated industrial and construction activities.

The report identifies major emission sources: road vehi...