Nepal, July 2 -- The June 2025 conflict between Israel, Iran, and the United States marked a dramatic escalation in decades of hostility, rooted in ideological rivalry and geopolitical maneuvering. Israel's preemptive airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities and Iran's unprecedented missile attacks on Israeli cities were direct manifestations of their deep-seated animosity. The conflict's scale and intensity reflected not just immediate triggers but the cumulative effect of years of enmity, proxy battles, and mutual existential fears. This article examines the historical context fueling the crisis, quantifies the war's financial and human toll, and analyzes the strategic gains and losses for each nation.

For decades, Iran and Israel enga...