Nigeria, Dec. 11 -- Since launching its Camp Holocaust offensive at the beginning of 2025, Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) has carried out over 200 attacks, killing at least 500 people. And Jama'tu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad (JAS), excelling in predatory offensives and kidnappings for ransom, shows increased capacity for bold attacks against military posts.

These offensives by the Boko Haram factions, sometimes on the same targets in one week, are generally preceded by espionage, which is rapidly evolving with new technologies.

To gather information, Boko Haram factions have specialised military and non-military services, with designated internal units. Both factions have a police service (hisbah) with a designated lea...