India, Dec. 25 -- Amid rising costs, tightening constraints, geopolitical tensions, and tariff negotiations, here are a few trends that emerged in 2025.

AI did not "arrive" in 2025 but it became an indispensable part. No launch of an electronic product missed out on it. Yet this shift came with a reckoning. Running AI systems at scale proved expensive. Training and inference costs rose sharply as the demand for high-performance chips surged. Firms moved away from the large, general-purpose models toward smaller, task-specific systems. The defining change was not adoption, but discipline. India's largest IT services firm, TCS, disclosed an annualised AI revenue run-rate of about $1.5 billion. This was the first time it quantified AI-led r...