Bhopal, May 31 -- The state capital's monsoon woes are not just a seasonal nuisance - they are a result of ignoring science, terrain and history. Experts say that unless the city's planning aligns with its natural contours, the flooding will persist.

"Topography is the foremost cause of waterlogging in Bhopal," said Udit Garg, a senior BMC official. Urban architecture expert Prof Rahul Tiwari of MANIT agrees: "Water flows along contour lines, from smaller sources to larger ones. But straight-lined concrete drains block this movement. That's why water stagnates." Tiwari added that natural slopes and width must be factored into all drains. Canal structures are typically inclined, allowing water to move more smoothly - something most of Bhopa...