KUALA LUMPUR, June 20 -- Trees in cities are more than just decorative elements.

They play a critical role in mitigating heat gain from hard surfaces by providing shade and releasing cool air through evapotranspiration, natural processes that make urban centres more liveable.

However, the wrong tree species can pose challenges.

Some can be invasive, prone to diseases, or have roots that damage pavements or roads.

Trees suitable for a city like Chiang Mai, Thailand, may not be ideal for Johor Baru or Putrajaya, even if both countries share a similar climate.

"When planners began conceptualising how cities and towns in Malaysia would look, trees were seen mostly for their aesthetic value," said Dr Sreetheran Maruthaveeran, a certified ...