New Delhi, Sept. 27 -- India's Ministry of Science & Technology recently conducted a survey to assess research and development (R&D) activity across the country.

The findings show that participation from the private sector has been dismally low. Only a small fraction of private firms responded, even though they are expected to play a significant role in advancing innovation and technology.

Officials believe several factors are discouraging private companies from engaging: many firms cited lack of clarity in government policies, uncertainty around returns, and concerns about intellectual property protections.

Others said the survey itself was insufficiently advertised or difficult to navigate, contributing to the weak response.

Experts...