Srinagar, Aug. 19 -- In Kashmir, education begins with uncertainty of a kind rarely considered in other regions. Students often find themselves wondering whether classes will be held the next day, whether the internet will work long enough to attend an online session, or whether the electricity will last until an assignment is complete. These disruptions are not rare exceptions; they have become part of the academic environment. Instead of moving smoothly from one term to the next, the pace of learning is frequently interrupted, and planning ahead becomes difficult. This atmosphere shapes not only the structure of the school year but also the mindset of students, teachers, and parents.

While many parts of India have steadily moved toward...