Srinagar, June 28 -- When photography emerged in the 19th century as a technological marvel, it was met with wonder, skepticism, and resistance across the world. Among Muslim communities, its arrival sparked a complex debate-not only about art and innovation but about religious identity, power, and modernity.It was Muslims who strongly opposed it, declaring it haram (prohibited) and impermissible to use. Years were spent debating whether it was halal (permissible) or haram, while on the other hand, non-Muslims readily embraced the technology and used it as a means of income and influence. Today, they dominate the visual world and use it as a powerful tool to shape narratives as they wish.

Photography has become a major instrument for spr...